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Smart Antennas and Beam-forming, Understanding with GNU: Part 3 Recap from part-2 of this article Smart antenna systems or sometimes known as adaptive antenna array systems are composed of two major blocks; An adaptive antenna array block and a Signal processing block. Signal processing block is responsible for finding and adapting array beamforming weights and…
Smart Antennas and Beamforming, Understanding with GNU : Part 2 Recap from Part-1 of This Article There are four types of antenna field regions. Out of those four regions, we discussed radiation pattern of far-field region of an antenna. Also, we plotted a 3D radiation pattern of an antenna with a given radiation intensity. If…
Smart Antennas and Beamforming, Understanding with GNU : Part 1 Introduction and Definitions: LTE transmission mode 7,8 and 9 defines fixed precoder based beamforming and adaptive precoder based beamforming. The main advantage of beamforming and smart antenna system is that by using the focused beam, interference can be reduced and wanted signal can be effectively…
Optical Fiber Link Budget Calculation Fiber optic networks is a very basic form of terrestrial broadband transmission platform which is capable of delivers multimedia services such as voice, video, and data to business and residential users. Originally, an optical fiber was used to carry long-haul services across the continents because it’s extensive bandwidth offered with…
Network Function Virtualization (NFV) Architecture Classical MNO’s network is crowded with a variety of proprietary hardware elements e.g. routers, switches, Packet Core nodes, and Access nodes. Whenever it wants to launch a new network service it often requires yet another hardware element. Finding the space and power to accommodate this new hardware is becoming increasingly…
mSAP: New PCB Technology to be used in 5G Smartphone The light, small and multi-functional electronic products have led to the development of the printed circuit board on which the lines and vias depend on the high-density interconnection (HDI), but it still cannot meet the requirements of the future development. 5G’s massive processing capacity requires…
5G Automotive Association- 5GAA 5G Automotive Association (5GAA) is created to connect telecom industry and vehicle manufacturers and work closely together to develop end-to-end solutions for future mobility and transportation services The reason behind setting up this organization is to save human lives by avoiding the accidents using advanced sensing, communication and computing technologies integrated…
5G-NR (New Radio) Modem Chipset Vendors 5G New Radio development is going at fast pace and its network rollout sounds good in very near future. These networks will not be useful without devices and devices will not work without 5G modems. So it makes quite interesting to know who all vendors are in the race…
3GPP Release-15 UE Cat Types, Throughput, Modulation, and Supported UE DL / UL Combinations UE Category information is used to allow the eNB to communicate effectively with all the UEs connected to it. The use-Category defines a combined uplink performance capability and downlink performance capability. The UE devices like Mobile handset, dongle or other equipment are…
5G NR User Plane Protocol, What’s new Over LTE in 5G NR 3GPP has released specification 38.300 V1 this month about NR and NG-RAN Overall Description: Stage 2, This standard comes with the detailed descriptions about 5G NR network and Protocol architecture. In this post, we have come with the detailed information about the User…