NPBCH stands for narrowband physical broadcast channel similar to PBCH in LTE Technology. The Narrow Band-Physical Broadcast Channel (NPBCH) is used to deliver the NB-IoT Master Information Block (MIB), which provides essential information for the NB-IoT UE to operate in the NB-IoT network. Narrow Band-Physical Broadcast Channel (NPBCH) uses a 640 ms TTI, but within … Read more
The NPSS and NSSS help UE to synchronize downlink to an NB-IoT cell. These are transmitted in certain subframes based on an 80-ms repetition interval. By synchronizing to NPSS and NSSS, the device will be able to detect the cell identity number (NB-IOT PCI). NPSS and NSSS are designed to allow devices to use a … Read more
NB- IoT frame structure is illustrated in below picture. At the highest level, it starts with the hyper frame cycle where one hyperframe cycle has 1024 hyper frames and each consisting of 1024 frames. One frame consists of 10 sub-frames and each subframe is dividable into two slots each of 0.5 ms which is similar … Read more
3GPP has defined a set of frequency bands for which NB-IoT can be used. 3GPP TS 36.101 from Release 13 provides the list of the supported bands: 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 20, 26, 28, 66 and Release 14 added the bands: 11, 25, 31 and 70. Later, 3GPP Release 15 … Read more
NB-IoT or NB-LTE is a new 3GPP radio-access technology. It is not fully backward compatible with existing 3GPP devices however it is designed to achieve excellent co-existence performance with legacy GSM, GPRS, and LTE technologies. NB-LTE requires 200 kHz minimum system bandwidth for both downlink and uplink, respectively. The choice of minimum system bandwidth enables … Read more
LoRa is a proprietary spread spectrum modulation scheme that is derivative of Chirp Spread Spectrum modulation (CSS) and which trades data rate for sensitivity within a fixed channel bandwidth. It implements a variable data rate, utilizing orthogonal spreading factors, which allows the system designer to trade data rate for range or power, so as to … Read more
LoRa Technology supports the handling and configuration of rejoin-requests for LoRa End Devices. Using a rejoin-request, a device is able to request the network-server to re-activate, without being ‘disconnected’ until receiving the activation. In other words, when it doesn’t receive a new activation, the device will continue to use the old security context. With the … Read more
LoRa – Device Activation Call Flow (Join Procedure) using OTAA and ABP, When a new End Device (LoRa Device) is added to a LoRa network, it should go through an activation process. Through the activation process, both session keys are shared between the End Device and the Network server. Currently, LoRa provides the following two types … Read more
LoRa is Long Range, low data rate, low power wireless platform technology for building IoT network. It uses unlicensed radio spectrum in the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) bands to enable communication between remote sensors and gateways connected to the network Server and Application Servers. LoRa Network and Protocol Architecture with Its Frame Structure LoRa technology is owned by … Read more
LoRa is Long Range ,low data rate, low power wireless platform technology for building IoT network. LoRa technology is owned by a chip company – Semtech, who acquired it from another French startup – Cycleo. Semtech has formed the LoRa Alliance, which develops global standards and makes this available under a royalty free license to its members. Semtech builds … Read more