VoLTE IMS Protocols In IMS subsystem, the critical protocols are the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), SigComp, Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP), RTP Control Protocol (RTCP) and IP Security (IPSec) and Diameter. These protocols are very important because these are the ones impacted by the UE or have a direct impact on UE operation. In a VoLTE … Read more
NB-IoT or NB-LTE is a new 3GPP radio-access technology. It is not fully backward compatible with existing 3GPP devices however it is designed to achieve excellent co-existence performance with legacy GSM, GPRS and LTE technologies. NB-LTE requires 200 kHz minimum system bandwidth for both downlink and uplink, respectively. The choice of minimum system bandwidth enables … Read more
3GPP has defined a set of frequency bands for which NB-IoT can be used. 3GPP TS 36.101 from Release 13 provides the list of the supported bands: 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19, 20, 26, 28, 66 and Release 14 added the bands: 11, 25, 31 and 70. Later, 3GPP Release 15 … Read more
NB- IoT frame structure is illustrated in the below picture. At the highest level, it starts with a hyperframe cycle where one hyperframe cycle has 1024 hyper frames and each consisting of 1024 frames. One frame consists of 10 sub-frames and each subframe is dividable into two slots each of 0.5 ms which is similar … Read more
The NPSS and NSSS helps UE to synchronize downlink to an NB-IoT cell. These are transmitted in certain subframes based on an 80-ms repetition interval. By synchronizing to NPSS and NSSS, the device will be able to detect the cell identity number (NB-IOT PCI). NPSS and NSSS are designed to allow devices to use a … Read more
NPBCH stands for narrow band physical broadcast channel similar to PBCH in LTE Technology. The NPBCH is used to deliver the NB-IoT Master Information Block (MIB), which provides essential information for the NB-IOT UE to operate in the NB-IoT network. NPBCH uses a 640 ms TTI, but within the TTI only subframe 0 is used … Read more
When a NB-IOT UE accesses a cell, it follows the same principle as for LTE: It first searches a cell on an appropriate frequency. Decode NPSS and NSSS for NCellID. After decoding NCellID, UE decode the NB-MIB Information transmitted over NPBCH, but there it can get to know NB-LTE deployment mode i.e. In-band, Guard-band or Standalone, the schedulingInfoSIB1, … Read more
Narrow Band IoT specifications was first introduced in 3GPP release 13 and then further enhanced in 3GPP release 14 with some essential features. Release 13 NB-IoT device category is referred as Cat NB1 or Cat N1 and Release 14 devices are referred as Cat NB2 or Cat N2. Parameter Cat. NB1 Cat. NB2 3GPP Release … Read more
Energy is the most scarce resource for an electronic device and when someone designing it, he needs to optimize its operation so that it consumes minimum power. When a device has a regular power supply along with the battery backup, one will not be worried but in the case where the device has an only battery as … Read more
There are a number of wireless technologies available for the Internet of things. These are mainly divided into two categories: Short Range (Zigbee, WiFi, Bluetooth, Z wave) Long Range (LoRa,SigFox, NB-IoT ) NB – IoT refers to the technology of the narrowband Internet of things a cellular IoT technology developed as part of 3GPP Release … Read more