5G Transport Network Requirement for Indian Telecom By Subrata Sen There are few people whom we meet and connect instantly. Recently, We met Subrata Sen, (Head, Fiber/Transport Planning at Bharti Infratel Ltd) and veteran in telecom industry during a conference, we found resonance immediately. During our conversation, we had long discussions about upcoming technologies and how … Read more
5G Self Backhaul- Integrated Access and Backhaul Self-Backhauling Concept Self-backhauling defined as when the access i.e. Base station – Mobile and the backhaul (Base Station to Base Station or Base Station to Core Network) share the same wireless channel. Below picture depict the same. Here the center base station (gNB #1) does have fiber backhaul … Read more
5G Channel Models: Requirements and Deployment Scenarios Propagation Channel Model: A channel model is also known as radio wave propagation model, it characterizes radio wave propagation as a function of frequency, distance, environment, and other factors. In other words, we can say that channel model provides us rough idea how much distance a signal can … Read more
5G NR gNB Logical Architecture and It’s Functional Split Options The logical architecture of gNB is shown in figure below with Central Unit (CU) and Distributed Unit (DU). Fs-C and Fs-U provide control plane and user plane connectivity over Fs interface. In this architecture, Central Unit (CU) and Distribution Unit (DU) can be defined as … Read more
Deployments Scenarios for 5G NR NR is capable of working in Non-standalone as well as standalone deployments, the Phase 1 deployment is to be considered as Non-standalone deployments. In terms of cell layout, A 5G NR cell can be deployed in both homogeneous and heterogeneous deployments and be following three cases can be considered. Case … Read more
5G Reference Network Architecture In recent meetings, 3GPP comes to an interim agreement for non-roaming 5G reference network architecture. The agreed reference network architecture is shown in figure 1 as per 3GPP TR 23.799. Network nodes and their functions: User Equipment (UE) Next Gen Node Basestation (gNB) Core Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) – responsible for … Read more
Spectral Efficiency : 5G-NR and 4G-LTE What do you think of when you hear word “spectral efficiency?” The answer will come, it has to do with the amount of information that fits in a given channel bandwidth or one just say how efficiently can that piece of spectrum be used to transmit information. Before we … Read more
5G New Radio Throughput Calculation The DL and UL max data rate supported by the UE is calculated by band combinations and baseband processing combinations supported by the UE. For NR, the approximate data rate for a given number of aggregated carriers in a band or band combination is computed as follows. To get more … Read more
5G NR Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) RNTI stands for Radio Network Temporary Identifier. RNTIs are used to differentiate/identify a connected UE in the cell, a specific radio channel, a group of UEs in case of paging, a group of UEs for which power control is issued by the eNB, system information transmitted for all … Read more
5G NR Logical Channels, Transport Channels, and Physical Channels Mapping Logical Channel Definition: Medium Access Control (MAC) Layer of NR provides services to the Radio Link Control (RLC) Layer in the form of logical channels. A logical channel is defined by the type of information it carries and is generally differentiated as a control channel, used for transmission … Read more